Gestion et Elimination des déchets dangereux
En ratifiant la Convention de Stockholm sur les Polluants Organiques Persistants (POPs), en avril 2004, le Maroc s’est engagé à mettre en œuvre les dispositions nécessaires pour honorer ces engagements au titre de cette Convention.
La gestion et l’élimination écologiquement rationnelle des Polychlorobiphényles (PCB) s’inscrit parmi les actions prioritaires du Plan National de Mise en œuvre- PNM au regard des délais fixés par la convention pour se débarrasser de ces produits dangereux. Le Programme National de Gestion et d’Elimination Sécurisée des PCB (Programme PCB) vise la mise en place d’un cadre réglementaire de gestion des PCB, le renforcement des capacités nationales en matière de gestion écologiquement rationnelle des PCB et l’élimination sécurisée des appareils à PCB pur et ceux qui en sont contaminés et inventoriés au niveau national.
Phase I du programme PCB :
La première phase lancée en 2010 et achevée en juin 2017 a abouti aux principales réalisation suivantes :
- L’institutionnalisation de la Commission Nationale POP/PCB, chargée d’assurer la mise en œuvre des dispositions de la Convention de Stockholm sur les POPs en général et les PCBs en particulier.
- La réalisation d’un inventaire et d’une campagne d’analyse de 6000 transformateurs susceptibles d’être contaminés par les PCBs qui a permis l’identification de 3567 tonnes d’équipements contaminés ;
- L’édification à Bouskoura de la première plate-forme sur le continent africain de traitement et de réhabilitation des appareils électriques contaminés par les PCB.
- Le traitement et l’élimination de 1530 tonnes d’équipements contaminés, soit plus de 30% de la quantité inventoriée contaminée au niveau national.
Phase II du programme PCB :
La deuxième phase « rendre durable la gestion et l’élimination des PCB » lancée en mars 2018 pour une durée de 3 ans et dont les résultats attendus sont :
- Le renforcement et l’adoption d’un cadre réglementaire régissant la gestion écologiquement rationnelle des PCBs ;
- La réalisation d’une campagne d’analyse de 20000 transformateurs susceptibles d’être contaminés par les PCBs ;
- La décontamination au sein de la plate- forme de Bouskoura d’environ 1740 transformateurs et 540 tonnes d’huiles contaminés ;
- L’élimination par exportation vers des centres spécialisés à l’étranger d’environ 600 tonnes d’équipements contenant des PCBs purs.
%20and%20%3Ca%20href=%22https://hararonline.com/%3Fs=inertial%20confinement%22%3Einertial%20confinement%3C/a%3E%20fusion%20(ICF),%20to%20achieve%20controlled%20fusion%20reactions.%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%0D%0AThe%20observation%20reveals%20that%20MCF%20utilizes%20strong%20magnetic%20fields%20to%20confine%20and%20control%20the%20plasma,%20a%20highly-ionized%20gas%20containing%20the%20fusion%20fuel,%20typically%20deuterium%20and%20tritium.%20MCF%20designs,%20such%20as%20tokamaks%20and%20stellarators,%20have%20shown%20promising%20results.%20The%20ITER%20project,%20an%20international%20collaboration,%20aims%20to%20construct%20the%20first%20large-scale%20tokamak%20fusion%20reactor.%20Through%20its%20observational%20analysis,%20this%20research%20article%20finds%20that%20ITER,%20with%20its%20advanced%20technology,%20has%20the%20potential%20to%20replicate%20fusion%20reactions%20and%20pave%20the%20way%20for%20future%20commercial%20fusion%20power%20plants.%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%0D%0AInertial%20confinement%20fusion%20(ICF)%20utilizes%20high-power%20lasers%20or%20particle%20beams%20to%20compress%20and%20heat%20small%20fuel%20targets%20to%20initiate%20fusion.%20This%20research%20observes%20that%20the%20National%20Ignition%20Facility%20(NIF)%20in%20the%20United%20States%20has%20made%20significant%20progress%20in%20ICF%20research.%20Through%20their%20experiments,%20they%20have%20achieved%20energy%20gain%20from%20fusion,%20though%20at%20a%20smaller%20scale.%20The%20observational%20analysis%20acknowledges%20the%20challenges%20associated%20with%20achieving%20ignition%20and%20energy%20gain%20in%20ICF,%20such%20as%20target%20design,%20precision%20control,%20and%20laser%20technologies.%20Nonetheless,%20this%20research%20recognizes%20the%20potential%20of%20ICF%20in%20the%20future%20development%20of%20fusion%20technology%20solutions.%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%0D%0AObservational%20findings%20also%20outline%20some%20of%20the%20significant%20advantages%20of%20fusion%20technology%20over%20conventional%20energy%20sources.%20Fusion%20reactions%20release%20enormous%20amounts%20of%20energy,%20utilizing%20only%20a%20small%20amount%20of%20fuel,%20primarily%20isotopes%20of%20hydrogen.%20It%20produces%20no%20greenhouse%20gas%20emissions,%20radioactive%20waste,%20or%20long-lived%20radioactive%20isotopes.%20These%20observations%20highlight%20fusion%20technology%20as%20a%20clean%20and%20reliable%20energy%20source%20that%20could%20mitigate%20the%20environmental%20impacts%20and%20help%20combat%20climate%20change.%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%0D%0AHowever,%20the%20article%20also%20brings%20attention%20to%20the%20challenges%20facing%20fusion%20technology%20solutions.%20The%20observational%20research%20reveals%20that%20the%20main%20challenges%20lie%20in%20the%20complexity%20of%20achieving%20sustained%20fusion%20reactions%20and%20developing%20materials%20that%20can%20withstand%20the%20harsh%20conditions%20of%20a%20fusion%20%3Ca%20href=%22https://www.cbsnews.com/search/%3Fq=reactor%22%3Ereactor%3C/a%3E.%20Scientists%20are%20continuously%20working%20on%20improving%20plasma%20confinement,%20control,%20and%20stability%20to%20ensure%20the%20sustainability%20and%20reliability%20of%20fusion%20reactions.%20This%20analysis%20emphasizes%20the%20need%20for%20continued%20international%20collaboration%20and%20investment%20in%20research%20and%20development%20to%20overcome%20these%20challenges.%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%0D%0A%3Cimg%20src=%22https://img2.cgtrader.com/items/4517961/b74c6f079c/large/disposable-cup-3d-model-b74c6f079c.jpg%22%20style=%22max-width:400px;float:left;padding:10px%2010px%2010px%200px;border:0px;%22%3EConclusion:%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%3Cbr%3E%0D%0A%0D%0AIn%20conclusion,%20fusion%20technology%20solutions%20hold%20great%20potential%20in%20meeting%20global%20energy%20demands%20sustainably.%20Observations%20indicate%20significant%20advancements%20in%20both%20magnetic%20confinement%20fusion%20and%20inertial%20confinement%20fusion%20approaches.%20Fusion%20reactions%20offer%20numerous%20advantages%20over%20conventional%20energy%20sources,%20including%20zero%20emissions%20and%20minimal%20waste.%20However,%20challenges%20in%20achieving%20sustained%20fusion%20reactions%20and%20developing%20suitable%20materials%20remain.%20This%20observational%20research%20article%20highlights%20the%20importance%20of%20international%20collaboration%20and%20continued%20investment%20to%20address%20these%20challenges%20and%20realize%20the%20full%20potential%20of%20fusion%20technology.%0D%0A---------------------------960255511972510%0D%0AContent-Disposition:%20form-data;%20name=%22field_pays[value]%22%0D%0A%0D%0ACuba%0D%0A---------------------------960255511972510%0D%0AContent-Disposition:%20form-data;%20name=%22changed%22%0D%0A%0D%0A%0D%0A---------------------------960255511972510%0D%0AContent-Disposit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